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Supreme Court of the Netherlands
The Supreme Court of the Netherlands ((オランダ語:Hoge Raad der Nederlanden) , literally "High Council of the Netherlands") is the highest court of the Netherlands, Curaçao, Sint Maarten and Aruba.〔 The Court was established on 1 October 1838 and sits in The Hague, Netherlands.〔
The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court is limited primarily to civil, criminal and tax cases. The Court has the authority to quash rulings by appellate courts (a procedure known as cassation) and thereby establishes case law, but only if the lower court applied the law incorrectly or the ruling lacks sufficient reasoning. The facts determined in the lower court are not reviewed and are accepted as correct.〔 According to Article 120 of the Constitution, the Court may not rule on the constitutionality of laws passed by the States General and treaties. With the exception of Sint Maarten, the Court has thus no competence for judicial review.〔〔
The Supreme Court currently consists of 35 judges: a president, 6 vice-presidents, 24 justices (, literally "Lords of the Council") and 4 justices in exceptional service〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The World Factbook )〕 (). All judges are appointed for life, until they retire at their own request or mandatorily at the age of 70.〔
== History ==
The development of in the Netherlands was heavily influenced by the French during the Batavian Revolution at the end of 18th century. The establishment of the Supreme Court on 1838 brought an end to the Grote Raad van Mechelen and its successor the Hoge Raad van Holland, Zeeland en West-Friesland, which both served as high appellate courts.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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